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011 container with most water

11. Container With Most Water

题目: https://leetcode.com/problems/container-with-most-water/

难度: Medium

思路:

首先理解花了我一点时间,因为一开始写出来,给了一个例子:


height = [3,2,1,3]
解是 9


|           |
|   |       |
|   |   |   |
1       2       3       4

 一开始我的理解走偏的地方是这个9是如何得到的,因为根据最短板原理,明显不可能得到9啊,后来发现是·Find two lines, which together with x-axis forms a container, such that the container contains the most water.

所以代码写起来就简单了,AC无能,超时,时间复杂度O(N^2)

class Solution(object):  # 此法超时
    def maxArea(self, height):
        """
        :type height: List[int]
        :rtype: int
        """
        n = len(height)
        most_water = 0
        for i in range(n-1):
            for j in range(i, n):
                water = (j-i) * min(height[i], height[j])
                most_water = max(water, most_water)
        return most_water

题目给的tag是 two pointer,所以上边的策略肯定可以改进,改进的地方就不能是这个一次走一边,而可能是两边都要走。

参考 http://bangbingsyb.blogspot.com/2014/11/leetcode-container-with-most-water.html

思路:

由于ai和aj (i<j) 组成的container的面积:S(i,j) = min(ai, aj) * (j-i)

所以对于任何S(i'>=i, j'<=j) >= S(i,j),由于j'-i' <= j-i,必然要有min(ai',aj')>=min(ai,aj)才行。同样可以采用头尾双指针向中间移动:

a(left) < a(right)时,对任何j<right来说

  1. min(a(left),aj) <= a(left) = min(a(left), a(right))
  2. j-left < right-left

所以S(left, right) > S(left, j<right)。

这就排除了所有以left为左边界的组合,因此需要右移left。这里证明的非常好。 a[left] < a[right],需要右移left.

同理,当a(left) > a(right)时,需要左移right

而当a(left) = a(right)时,需要同时移动left和right。

思路整理: left = 0, right = n-1 1. a[left] < a[right], left++ 2. a[left] > a[right], right-- 3. a[left] = a[right], left++, right-- 终止条件:left >= right

这个证明大快人心

这样写也能过:

class Solution(object):
    def maxArea(self, height):
        """
        :type height: List[int]
        :rtype: int
        """
        n = len(height)
        left, right = 0, n-1
        most_water = 0
        while left <= right:
            water = (right - left) * min(height[left], height[right])
            most_water = max(water, most_water)
            if height[left] < height[right]:
                left += 1
            elif height[left] > height[right]:
                right -= 1
            else:
                left += 1
                right -= 1
        return most_water


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